Tree seedling growth and mortality responses to manipulations of calcium and aluminum in a northern hardwood forest1

نویسندگان

  • Richard K. Kobe
  • Gene E. Likens
  • Christopher Eagar
چکیده

To assess potential forest compositional responses to exchangeable soil calcium (Caexch) and aluminum (Alexch), we characterized light-dependent growth and mortality of tree seedlings under amendments of CaCl2 and AlCl3 at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (HBEF), New Hampshire, U.S.A. Seedlings of Acer saccharum Marsh., Fagus grandifolia Ehrh., Betula alleghaniensis Britton, Abies balsamea (L.) Mill., and Picea rubens Sarg. were transplanted into field plots, which were randomly assigned to control, CaCl2, or AlCl3 treatments and stratified across <1 to 35% full sun. Acer saccharum and P. rubens exhibited significantly higher mortality in Al-amended than Ca-amended or control plots. Acer saccharum showed significant increases in relative diameter growth in Ca-amended plots versus controls; all other species showed nonsignificantly higher relative diameter growth under Ca amendments. We incorporated significant seedling responses into a model of forest dynamics (SORTIE) to assess potential changes in species composition under Alexch increases and Caexch losses. SORTIE predicts that further increases in Alexch would have negligible effects on canopy composition within 200 years but that the estimated Caexch depleted from HBEF between 1968 and 1995 and its influence on seedling dynamics could lead to substantial decreases in A. saccharum canopy dominance within a single forest generation (<125 years). Résumé : Afin d’évaluer les changements dans la composition de la forêt en réponse au calcium échangeable (Caexch) du sol et à l’aluminium échangeable (Alexch), nous avons caractérisé la croissance et la mortalité de semis en relation avec la lumière dans un sol amendé avec CaCl2 ou AlCl3 à la forêt expérimentale de Hubbard Brook dans le New Hampshire, aux États-Unis. Des semis d’Acer saccharum Marsh., de Fagus grandifolia Ehrh., de Betula alleghaniensis Britton, d’Abies balsamea (L.) Mill. et de Picea rubens Sarg. ont été transplantés dans des parcelles au champ, lesquelles étaient assignées de façon aléatoire au traitement témoin et aux traitements avec CaCl2 ou AlCl3 et stratifiées en fonction d’un gradient de lumière (<1 à 35% du plein soleil). Acer saccharum et P. rubens ont subi une plus forte mortalité dans le traitement avec Al que dans le traitement avec Ca ou le témoin. Acer saccharum a montré un accroissement significatif de la croissance relative en diamètre dans les parcelles amendées avec Ca comparativement aux parcelles témoins; toutes les autres espèces ont montré un accroissement non significatif de la croissance relative en diamètre dans les parcelles amendées avec Ca. Nous avons incorporé les réponses significatives des semis dans un modèle de dynamique forestière (SORTIE) afin d’évaluer les changements potentiels dans la composition des espèces soumises à des augmentations de Alexch et des pertes de Caexch. Le modèle SORTIE prédit que des augmentations supplémentaires de Alexch auraient des effets négligeables sur la composition de la canopée pour les 200 prochaines années mais que les pertes estimées de Caexch à Hubbard Brook entre 1968 et 1995 et son influence sur la dynamique des semis pourraient conduire à une diminution importante de A. saccharum dans la strate dominante à l’intérieur d’une seule révolution (<125 ans). [Traduit par la Rédaction] Kobe et al. 966

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تاریخ انتشار 2002